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PE Geometry deltar i industriell forskning inom geometrisäkring och variationshantering, tillsammans med universitet och industripartner. Kopplingen är djup: RD&T, vårt huvudverktyg för simulering, växte fram ur samarbetet mellan Chalmers tekniska högskola och svensk industri.
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Forskning som når kunduppdragen

Forskning är ingen sidoverksamhet för oss. Metoder från forskningsprojekten förs in i våra tjänster och kurser, och våra ingenjörer tar med frågor från kundprojekten tillbaka till forskningen. Arbetet omfattar bland annat variationssimulering, geometrisäkring och plattformsbeskrivning med konfiguration och optimering.

Resultaten publiceras vid internationella konferenser och i vetenskapliga tidskrifter. Alla artiklar finns listade nedan.

Våra publicerade forskningsartiklar

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Mikael Rosenqvist
Variation Analysis considering manual assembly complexity in a CAT tool
CIRP CAT 2016, Göteborg, Sweden
Logo for 'Pe Geometry Published Papers' on the left with a simple icon of a document with three horizontal lines and a folded top-right corner on the right, all on a light gray background.
Mikael Rosenqvist
Including measures of assembly complexity in proactive geometry assurance, a case study
CIRP CATS 2016, Göteborg, Sweden
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Peter Edholm, Magnus Andersson & David Renborg
Platform Systems Engineering Design: Software Tool and Industrial Case Studies
Sent to Journal of Intelligent Information Systems 2016
Logo for 'Pe Geometry Published Papers' on the left with a simple icon of a document with three horizontal lines and a folded top-right corner on the right, all on a light gray background.
Mikael Rosenqvist
Working procedure for early proactive geometry assurance considering manual assembly complexity
ASME IMECE 2015, Houston, Texas, USA
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Peter Edholm
INTECH 2010, Prague, Czech Republic
INTECH 2010, Prague, Czech Republic
Logo for 'Pe Geometry Published Papers' on the left with a simple icon of a document with three horizontal lines and a folded top-right corner on the right, all on a light gray background.
Peter Edholm
Geometry Interactions In Configurable Platform Model
Design Conference 2010, Dubrovnik, Croatia
Logo for 'Pe Geometry Published Papers' on the left with a simple icon of a document with three horizontal lines and a folded top-right corner on the right, all on a light gray background.
Mikael Rosenqvist
Geometrical robustness analysis considering manual assembly complexity
CIRP CATS 2014, Dresden, Germany
Logo for 'Pe Geometry Published Papers' on the left with a simple icon of a document with three horizontal lines and a folded top-right corner on the right, all on a light gray background.
Mikael Rosenqvist
Operator related causes for low correlation between CAT simulations and physical results
ASME IMECE 2013, San Diego, California, USA
Logo for 'Pe Geometry Published Papers' on the left with a simple icon of a document with three horizontal lines and a folded top-right corner on the right, all on a light gray background.
Mikael Rosenqvist
Robust Design and Geometry Assurance considering Assembly Ergonomics
ASME IMECE 2012, Houston, Texas, USA
Logo for 'Pe Geometry Published Papers' on the left with a simple icon of a document with three horizontal lines and a folded top-right corner on the right, all on a light gray background.
Peter Edholm & Magnus Andersson
Implementing the principles of Set-based Concurrent Engineering in Configurable Component Platforms
NordDesign 2012, Ålborg, Denmark
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Peter Edholm
Geometry Robustness Evaluation In Platform Architecture
Journal IJSM 2011
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Peter Edholm
Robust tolerance design applied on robot concept development
NordDesign 2010, Gothenburg Sweden
Logo for 'Pe Geometry Published Papers' on the left with a simple icon of a document with three horizontal lines and a folded top-right corner on the right, all on a light gray background.
Peter Edholm
Geometry Robustness Evaluation In Platform Architecture
TMCE 2010, Ancona, Italy
Logo for 'Pe Geometry Published Papers' on the left with a simple icon of a document with three horizontal lines and a folded top-right corner on the right, all on a light gray background.
Peter Edholm
Knowledge-based Configuration of Integrated Product and Process Platforms.
ASME IDETC/CIE 2009, San Diego, California, USA
Logo for 'Pe Geometry Published Papers' on the left with a simple icon of a document with three horizontal lines and a folded top-right corner on the right, all on a light gray background.
Peter Edholm
Module-based variation simulation in platform architecture.
CIRP CATS 2009, Annecy, France
Logo for 'Pe Geometry Published Papers' on the left with a simple icon of a document with three horizontal lines and a folded top-right corner on the right, all on a light gray background.
Peter Edholm
Geometrical Coupling Analysis To Reduce Complete Assembly Line Complexity
ASME IMECE 2012, Houston, Texas, USA
Logo for 'Pe Geometry Published Papers' on the left with a simple icon of a document with three horizontal lines and a folded top-right corner on the right, all on a light gray background.
Peter Edholm
Minimizing Geometric Variation In Multistage Assembly Lines By Geometrical Decoupling
ASME IMECE 2011, Denver, Colorado, USA
Logo for 'Pe Geometry Published Papers' on the left with a simple icon of a document with three horizontal lines and a folded top-right corner on the right, all on a light gray background.
Peter Edholm
Locator management for platform-based architectures in PLM systems.
CIRP CATS 2009, Annecy, France
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Mikael Rosenqvist
Variation Analysis considering manual assembly complexity in a CAT tool
ASME IDETC/CIE 2009, San Diego, California, USA

Virtual geometry assurance is a key component of today’s product development. Much of the virtual geometry assurance is done in Computer Aided Tolerancing (CAT) tools. Earlier research has shown that manual assembly complexity influences the geometrical quality of the product and that assembly tolerances are seldom used in CAT simulations for manual assembly parts.

In this study a method for including manual assembly complexity in variation analysis in CAT is introduced and discussed. The method has been tested and implemented in a CAT tool using a real industrial case with promising results.

Kontakta oss på research@pe-geometry.se för mer information om artikeln.
Icon of a document with three horizontal lines above text reading Pe Geometry Published Papers.
Mikael Rosenqvist
Including measures of assembly complexity in proactive geometry assurance, a case study
ASME IDETC/CIE 2009, San Diego, California, USA

Geometry assurance is an important part of quality assurance in the manufacturing industry. Typically virtual geometry assurance is done in Computer Aided Tolerancing (CAT) tools. Earlier research shows that assembly complexity influences the product quality but is not considered in CAT simulations. Recently a new robustness value in CAT has been introduced that not only considers sensitivity to variation but also the complexity of the assembly.

This study tests this in two industrial case studies. The case studies show good conformance between actual results and simulated results verifying that assembly complexity influences geometrical quality and the benefits of including it in early geometry assurance activities.

Kontakta oss på research@pe-geometry.se för mer information om artikeln.
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Peter Edholm, Magnus Andersson & David Renborg
Platform Systems Engineering Design: Software Tool and Industrial Case Studies
ASME IDETC/CIE 2009, San Diego, California, USA

Mass customization aims at satisfying individual customers, also known as personalization, and supporting design reuse. However, current practice for enabling mass customization, such as developing product platforms, unveils weak support during development phases. Product platforms are rather motivated by scale benefits in production, by reusing physical parts shared by a set of products. This research contributes to the area of platform-based development by combining a methodology Platform Systems Engineering Design and a software tool – the Configurable Component Modeler (CCM) – to enable mass customization and scale benefits in development.

The new approach, consisting of the methodology and the software tool, claims to support design reuse in all development phases. The new approach is demonstrated in three case studies represented by three different companies. Each company has their own design strategy, why a specific design scenario is depicting each case study: design space exploration and extension, supply chain collaboration, or configure-to-order. The software tool, CCM, proves to support the methodology for Platform Systems Engineering Design in the three case studies.

The new approach displays practical means for system architects and designers to enable mass customization and scale benefits in development.

Kontakta oss på research@pe-geometry.se för mer information om artikeln.
Icon of a document with three horizontal lines above text reading Pe Geometry Published Papers.
Mikael Rosenqvist
Working procedure for early proactive geometry assurance considering manual assembly complexity
ASME IDETC/CIE 2009, San Diego, California, USA

The purpose of this paper is to explore how a recently developed method for evaluation of the impact of assembly complexity on manual assembly concepts should be used, by whom and how this would fit into an industrial product development process.The explored method incorporates both sensitivity to geometrical variation and assessment of assembly complexity and is integrated into the CAT (Computer Aided Tolerancing)tool RD&T.

A baseline of a generic six phase product development procedure is summarized with focus on the part of the process that handles geometry assurance; the geometry assuranceprocess.

The result is a proposed working procedure for proactive geometry assurance considering manual assembly complexity as a part of a geometry assurance process. The proposed working procedure supports the development of products that have a high level of geometrical robustness and a low level of manual assembly complexity resulting in higher quality, less costs related to poor quality and less waste.

Need for further research is also identified since the current tools for assessing manual assembly complexity do not support all geometry assurance activities needed. One suggestion is toexpand the current calculation models to interact with the variation analysis in CAT through assembly tolerances.

Kontakta oss på research@pe-geometry.se för mer information om artikeln.
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Peter Edholm
INTECH 2010, Prague, Czech Republic
ASME IDETC/CIE 2009, San Diego, California, USA

A setup of software consisting of a configurator system, a PDM system and a CAD system, is created to model product platforms, using the CC concept, and to configure and instantiate variants from this platform. A simplified platform is modelled and configuration is done with focus on geometry interfaces and geometry interactions.

The work shows, in a conceptual way, that this setup is possible to use within the context of CC modelling and that geometry interactions could efficiently be used to create geometry compatibility between geometry interfaces in the CC objects.

Kontakta oss på research@pe-geometry.se för mer information om artikeln.
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Peter Edholm
Geometry Interactions In Configurable Platform Model
ASME IDETC/CIE 2009, San Diego, California, USA

Geometry interactions between geometry interfaces (locating schemes and mating geometries) of parts in a platform environment composed by Conifgurable Components, CCs, are defined and tested in this paper.

The interactions are defined as sub-objects within the already defined CC-object. A case study is performed where these CC-objects, with their geometry interfaces and geometry interactions, are defined in a PDM and CAD environment where the functionality has been defined using separate objects exposed in the PDM-structure.

Kontakta oss på research@pe-geometry.se för mer information om artikeln.
Icon of a document with three horizontal lines above text reading Pe Geometry Published Papers.
Mikael Rosenqvist
Geometrical robustness analysis considering manual assembly complexity
ASME IDETC/CIE 2009, San Diego, California, USA

The manufacturing industry is focused on geometry assurance. Much of the virtual geometry assurance is done in Computer Aided Tolerancing (CAT) tools. Earlier research shows that assembly complexity influences the product quality but is not considered when geometry systems (locators and tolerances) are defined.

Further previous research shows CAT simulations do not predict all the variation and therefore additional factors need to be included to improve accuracy. In this study, a robustness value for a geometry system solution based both on geometrical sensitivity and manual assembly complexity has been introduced.

Calculation methods have been tested and implemented in a CAT tool using a real industrial case.

Kontakta oss på research@pe-geometry.se för mer information om artikeln.
Icon of a document with three horizontal lines above text reading Pe Geometry Published Papers.
Mikael Rosenqvist
Operator related causes for low correlation between CAT simulations and physical results
ASME IDETC/CIE 2009, San Diego, California, USA

The objective of this study was to explore correlation between CAT (Computer Aided Tolerancing) simulation and physically measured results in running production with focus on operator dependent factors. Therefore, the manual assembly of 25 different system solutions (locating scheme, tolerances, fasteners etc. for a part) was analyzed. The study has been performed in the automotive industry and the system solutionsare from 3 different cars in 2 different factories, all manual assembly in a paced line.

The analysis shows several interesting results; in running production 33% of the measurements are not ok although 28% had their tolerance zone adjusted according to the measured results to make them ok. The conclusion is that the CAT simulations do not predict all the variation and therefore additional factors need to be included to enable accuracy improvement.

Further relationships between additional factors such as operator influence and bad geometrical quality can be proven. A short term solution is suggested as well as a long term solution involving the need for development of additional functions in CAT tools, the overall goal being to decrease the difference between simulation results and actual physical results.

Kontakta oss på research@pe-geometry.se för mer information om artikeln.
Icon of a document with three horizontal lines above text reading Pe Geometry Published Papers.
Mikael Rosenqvist
Robust Design and Geometry Assurance considering Assembly Ergonomics
ASME IDETC/CIE 2009, San Diego, California, USA

The objective of this study was to explore how assembly ergonomics issues were regarded by geometry engineers. Therefore, 21 geometry engineers in two manufacturing companies were interviewed. Their answers show good awareness of the implications of poor assembly ergonomics but appropriate working procedures and support in CAT (Computer Aided Tolerancing) tool are missing. 95% of the respondents would like to add consideration to assembly ergonomics in their CAT simulation.

Based on this study a number of assembly factors that need to be included and considered in locating scheme definition and geometric stability analysis are identified and presented. Altogether, the results show a need for organizational change and CAT tool development.

Kontakta oss på research@pe-geometry.se för mer information om artikeln.
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Peter Edholm & Magnus Andersson
Implementing the principles of Set-based Concurrent Engineering in Configurable Component Platforms
ASME IDETC/CIE 2009, San Diego, California, USA

This paper describes a new design approach that implements the three principles of Set-based Concurrent Engineering by using the concept of Configurable Component modelling. Several case studies has proven the efficiency of Configurable Component modelling as well as the Set-based philosophy, and by combining these two research areas, a computer based modelling of Configurable Component objects is used to support the Set-based philosophy.

The approach is demonstrated by a case study that indicates a promising future of combining Set-based Concurrent Engineering with Configurable Component modelling for re-design problems.

Kontakta oss på research@pe-geometry.se för mer information om artikeln.
Icon of a document with three horizontal lines above text reading Pe Geometry Published Papers.
Peter Edholm
Geometry Robustness Evaluation In Platform Architecture
ASME IDETC/CIE 2009, San Diego, California, USA

In this paper, a platform geometrical sensitivity value for a part has been defined. Calculation and simulation methods have been defined and tested to be used in industrial “real-life” environments. Present calculation and simulation methods for assembly analysis in a single product development have been used as a basis. These methods have been further developed and adapted to suit product family development, or platforms.

The assembly geometrical sensitivity value can be used to predict the effect of tolerance stacking without having data of tolerance sizes available. Using sensitivity calculation in each assembly step gives an indication of the risk of functional failure and non-fulfilled specifications due to tolerance stacking. The platform geometrical sensitivity value could be used for optimization of a part or an assembly, by means of geometric variation, not only for one product environment but also for a complete product family simultaneously.

This decreases the risk of sub-optimization of part location and assembly concepts. Using the platform geometrical sensitivity value, the effect of tolerance stacking could be predicted for all assemblies conceptually and the result can be used to dimension specific part tolerances. All equations and mathematical connections are described in detail in the paper but, due to the mathematical complexity of 3D modeling, the calculations have been performed in a geometry simulation tool.

Further research needs to be done to establish a proper working procedure using platform geometrical sensitivity value.

Kontakta oss på research@pe-geometry.se för mer information om artikeln.
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Peter Edholm
Robust tolerance design applied on robot concept development
ASME IDETC/CIE 2009, San Diego, California, USA

A robust tolerance design concept based on locating schemes (for example, used in the car industry for sheet metal parts) and the methods and tools connected to that concept are applied on a new robot development.

A case study of a robot assembly is performed in a new robot development project. The robot is mainly designed using machined parts, and traditionally these parts are toleranced using feature-to-feature based tolerances and linear dimensioning.

The goal of this case study is to see if there are any advantages to using a new approach when designing robots to enable high geometric quality at a low cost.

With limitations, the study shows that it seems possible to effectively use the tolerance design concept in robot development with assemblies consisting of machined parts.

Kontakta oss på research@pe-geometry.se för mer information om artikeln.
Icon of a document with three horizontal lines above text reading Pe Geometry Published Papers.
Peter Edholm
Geometry Robustness Evaluation In Platform Architecture
ASME IDETC/CIE 2009, San Diego, California, USA

In this paper, a platform geometry goodness value for a part has been defined. Calculation and simulation methods have been defined and tested to be used in industrial “real-life” environments. Present calculation and simulation methods for assembly analysis in a single product development have been used as a basis.

These methods have been further developed and adapted to suit product family development, or platforms. The platform geometry robustness value could be used for optimization of a part or an assembly, by means of geometric variation, not only for one product environment but also for a complete product family simultaneously.

This decreases the risk of sub-optimization of part location and assembly concepts. All equations and mathematical connections are described in detail in the paper but, due to the mathematical complexity of 3D modelling, the calculations have been performed in a geometry simulation tool. The proposed theories are based on previous work by Söderberg

[1] presented mainly in section 2. The new contribution from this paper is mainly presented in sections 4.2 and 5.

Kontakta oss på research@pe-geometry.se för mer information om artikeln.
Icon of a document with three horizontal lines above text reading Pe Geometry Published Papers.
Peter Edholm
Knowledge-based Configuration of Integrated Product and Process Platforms.
ASME IDETC/CIE 2009, San Diego, California, USA

The definition of the content of a product platform highly affects the possibility to engineer and produce unique and optimized products to suite the customer needs.

In this paper, generic configurable autonomous sub-systems, Configurable Components (CCs), are used to define platforms that could be used to configure and instantiate product as well as process structures and to optimize instantiated part solutions.T

o simulate a realistic industrial environment a configuration demonstrator has been developed and used to perform case studies in order to test the CC concept. The test cases are focused on geometrical interfaces between components.

Communication functionality between the demonstrator and a CAT (Computer Aided Tolerancing) tool has been developed to enable automatic optimization of interface concepts during configuration.

In summary – the paper shows that, given variant specific input data, a knowledge based platform definition with high design band-width can be used to configure, engineer and manufacture an instanced product variant.

Kontakta oss på research@pe-geometry.se för mer information om artikeln.
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Peter Edholm
Module-based variation simulation in platform architecture.
ASME IDETC/CIE 2009, San Diego, California, USA

This paper describes a new module-based way to work with variation simulation models for product family analysis. It also describes methods to optimize tolerances and locator concepts for a part or sub-assembly for all environments where it is instanced simultaneously.

Thereby the effects of geometrical variations on the assembly and on the final product can be minimized for all variants in the product family.

A separate section is included to define what attributes can be defined as geometry assurance data.All methods are evaluated and validated with industrial cases.

Kontakta oss på research@pe-geometry.se för mer information om artikeln.
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Peter Edholm
Geometrical Coupling Analysis To Reduce Complete Assembly Line Complexity
ASME IDETC/CIE 2009, San Diego, California, USA

Modern assembly lines for mass production need to fulfill several important criteria. One of them is to produce products with high geometrical quality (small geometric variation). For sheet metal assemblies, focused on in this paper, it is a very complex process to achieve good geometrical quality due to the large number of assembly steps and the geometrical variation (tolerances) of the incoming parts.

One “golden rule” for sheet metal assembly lines is to always reuse fixturing points (locators) throughout the whole assembly line to minimize the geometrical variation and also the complexity of root cause analysis.

A new method to measure the complexity in an assembly line has been developed and also implemented in a commercial software for Computer Aided Tolerancing.

This new tool not only demonstrates the “golden rule” but could also be used to ensure minimum geometrical complexity in assembly lines to ensure controlled production and high quality products.

Kontakta oss på research@pe-geometry.se för mer information om artikeln.
Icon of a document with three horizontal lines above text reading Pe Geometry Published Papers.
Peter Edholm
Minimizing Geometric Variation In Multistage Assembly Lines By Geometrical Decoupling
ASME IDETC/CIE 2009, San Diego, California, USA

Geometrical part robustness is used today as an engineering criterion in many manufacturing companies. The goal is to minimize the effect of geometrical variation by optimizing the locating schemes for the parts. Several methods and tools now exist to support geometrical robustness optimization for parts, but also for assemblies. In this paper the focus is on geometrical decoupling, which is one parameter of geometrical robustness of the different locating strategies in a complete assembly line.

A goodness value is proposed that describes the level of geometrical couplings in a complete assembly line together with the part robustness value. By calculating this goodness value it is possible to predict the geometrical sensitivity of a complete assembly line as well as predicting the risk of geometrical variation in the final product.

To illustrate the definition of this goodness value, and also the purpose of calculating it, a case study is used where a part of a sheet metal assembly line is described. Several different scenarios (assembly concepts) are applied to clarify the meaning and to validate this definition of the goodness value. The case study shows that the goodness value gives a good indication of the level of geometrical couplings within the assembly line and that this value can be used to evaluate different assembly concepts, with their locating concepts, against each other.

The goal is to have a more robust and also geometrically decoupled assembly line which enables root-cause analysis in production, and also optimizes the geometrical quality minimizing the effect of geometrical variation of the final product from the plant.

Kontakta oss på research@pe-geometry.se för mer information om artikeln.
Icon of a document with three horizontal lines above text reading Pe Geometry Published Papers.
Peter Edholm
Locator management for platform-based architectures in PLM systems.
ASME IDETC/CIE 2009, San Diego, California, USA

In this paper technical solutions and methods to efficiently share locator data within a product family are proposed.

Locator and datum creators and users in a typical product development and production environment are described.

A global car company is used as a basis for discussing the complexity of sharing and reusing locator data in the PLM system.

Kontakta oss på research@pe-geometry.se för mer information om artikeln.